delta p = pte - pt0. We came up with our own scale based on our experience testing dozens of drones in a variety of conditions. So if I put a meter stick in the video frame (its that horizontal stick next to my hand), I will know both the distance scale and the vertical acceleration. Let's analyze the following example: you want your drone to hover in the air for thirty minutes to take an aerial video. Keep the Drone Low: The drone is lowered to reduce the extra lift the drone may get from ground effects off of the table that the rig sits on. The calculator will show you how they compare against each other. For example, let's say your quadcopter drone weighs 800 g in total, and you chose a thrust-to-weight ratio of 4:1. The calculated Kv for this motor is approximately 2,222. To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. Stay tuned for updates! Here e use some basic formulas to calculate the thrust-weight ratio, flight timing, payload, propeller thrust and there distribution on the multirotorquad. Double the drone's weight in order to calculate the minimum amount of thrust you'll need from a motor. Your email address will not be published. Remember that the time calculated with our tool might differ from the real flight time. We ran a test with each of the two motors paired with propeller 2, and the results are shown in figure 8. Following these assumptions, we predicted we would need 1.9 N of thrust per propeller for hover flight, so we looked for the motor-propeller combination that would be most efficient at 1.9 N. Once we found the most efficient combination, we had the tools needed to estimate our flight time, which is where we will start off today. The Eachine E011 is our favorite inexpensive mini-drone. A commonly used rule is that velocity of the air at the propeller is v=v of the total change in air velocity: Therefore, and equation 3 is derived. To keep your drone flying at a hover, the upward thrust needs to equal the weight of your drone. There is no information on continuous or burst current for the EMAX RSII 2207 2300 Kv online, but we can look at data in the RCbenchmark database and compare all tests done with this motor. The user can fly the drone below 90 m above the ground, at least 30 m away from vehicles, vessels, and the public for drones 250 g to 1 kg and 75 m for drones 1 kg to 35 kg, at least 5.5 km from aerodromes and 1.8 km from heliports, during the day, not in clouds, within user's sight and closer than 500 m, with the user address, name, and . dt is the change in time. A physicist puts his quadcopter through the paces to see what kind of mojo those little rotors throw down. To calculate thrust, multiply the velocity by the mass flow rate (also known as change in mass divided by change in time). Step 2: Add 20% to that total to ensure that your drone will be able to hover. News > June 08, 2018. This website contains affiliate links, which means we receive a commission if you make a purchase using these links. Shouldn't it be much higher, since it doesn't have the gravitational force pulling it down? Enter the thrust and weight values of the two different designs. There will always be a number of propeller size . If you look at the line for the prop 124.5-MR, you will see that this prop and motor combination produces 1168 grams of thrust. Our estimated flight time is 15.2 minutes (figure 11), which is a significant improvement compared to our original design, which had only about 4.5 minutes of flight time. The batterys capacity is just over 19.2 Wh (14.8 V * 1.3 Ah = 19.2 Wh), which occurs within the growth phase of the graph and gives us only about 4.5 minutes of flight time. A drone propeller number is generally a series of numbers. 2023 Cond Nast. Here is the new breakdown: Based on these new values, we have 1392.7 g of mass available for our battery. Here's an example below. The spinning of the quadcopter propeller blades push air down. 4. I'm using a standard 9v dc motor. The support can be adjusted to the shapes of different drones. ft/minute divided by 40 feet/minute equals 8,250 lbs. 8.267 hp. Keep in mind this is just a recommendation. However, the number of blades isn't a mandatory part of propeller numbers. Aircraft - Electric - Multirotor Drones Multirotor Drone Power Systems Help! The flight time is calculated by a theoretical and actual method. P Power required to lift one kilogram of equipment, expressed in watts per kilogram. Simple Momentum Theory. Here, our drone weighs 777 g, so we need a total thrust of 7.6 N to hover or 1.9 N per propeller. The pitch is the drone propeller's theoretical traveling distance in one complete spin of 360. Let me know if this is true! The first number is easy and merely donates the length of the propeller. However, since the x and y directions are perpendicular to each other, the components of these vectors form a right triangle. The efficiency is commonly expressed as the thrust divided by the power used in watts or g/W. The 90GTs ratio of 3.0 puts it nicely into racing drone territory despite its minuscule 90 mm diagonal size. pound. Simply put, drone thrust is the amount of upward force your drone can produce when at full throttle. The thrust-to-weight ratio is critical in fighter jets, which must accelerate quickly and perform complex maneuvers. You don't need any complicated pitching blades like in a helicopter. You can use this feature to compare two different designs. Factoring this into our thrust calculator, you see that a total weight of 860 g requires 860 g of thrust from each motor. Armed with that data, it's just a hop, skip, and a jump to derive performance specs like acceleration and thrust. Average Current Draw (ACD) = ACD is the average current all the motors draw from the battery. Test data such as thrust, torque, RPM, power, efficiency and more is collected using one of our propulsion test stands, and for this drone the RCbenchmark Series 1580would likely be the best fit. Therefore, as the rotor pushes down on the air, the air pushes up on the rotor. Just to double-check that, Im going to run a test analysis on something I already know about: the acceleration of a ball tossed straight up into the air. We would also like to achieve at least double that thrust to have a good control authority, so we will be looking for the propeller that is most efficient at 3.1 N, but can also achieve up to 6.2 N of thrust. Get updates on new articles, and the latest drone news. What is the thrust force from the drones four rotors? For this example, 330,000 lb. Further reading:Brushless Motor Power and Efficiency Analysis. 5. if your FPV drone take 2000g to flight, each motor will have to produce 500g (500g = 2000g / 4 motors) of thrust in order to . While a drone is mechanically simple, it is very important to use the correct equipment. It includes the weight of the drone itself, any added accessories load, and, most importantly, the battery. Set for launch in Summer 2018, and already being beta-tested, "dCal" is a drone frame calculator that aims to help DIY drone builders make lighter and stronger drone frames, using materials available locally. Equation 4 gives the power that is absorbed by the propeller from the motor. The results of the swappable battery innovation in this study is the drone prototype with 236.16 Wh energy and 4s4p configuration. Most of us would pass out with head-to-toe G forces of just. Instinct tells me that the same 988lbs thrust for any pitch is not plausible. First, if I know the mass (m) of the drone and its vertical acceleration (ay), we can find the effective net force in the vertical direction with this force-motion relationship: That net force, in turn, can be decomposed into two distinct vertical forces: (1) the upward thrust force, FT, and (2) the downward gravitational force, mgwhat you call weight in everyday life, which is mass times the local gravitational field g (9.8 N/kg). Also lower KV motors as obviously you would not be doing high speed insanity with 1.3kg+ drone weight. Static thrust =. Registered User. Most of the propeller diameter specifications . The more efficient the motors are, the less power it needs to lift 1 kg of weight. e Calc 's motor database is the most comprehensive on the web. thrust calculation formula with propeller? To know how much thrust your drone will produce for a given propeller, you have to test the motor . Whether you're designing an RC drone or a full-fledged aircraft, you can determine whether the thrust-to-weight ratio of your design is to your liking using this calculator. A commonly used rule is that velocity of the air at the propeller is, If you are always going to by flying gently and smoothly increase the weight so that you hover at around 70% throttle for a less responsive drone. However, say you initially estimated only 50 g per motor. Calculate Thrust of Motors; Thread Tools: May 04, 2017, 01:32 PM #1; Immortal_Conquer. It makes perfect sense because drones with higher flight times give you more time in the air, extending their usability. Double the drone's weight in order to calculate the minimum amount of thrust you'll need from a motor. Calculate the Thrust Force on Your Drone! To ROG, Static Thrust should be >1/2 of AUW. The drone is also positionedbeyond the edge of the table to eliminate reflected upward draft that would affect the measurement. The Spark is less than half the weight of the Mavic and has the lowest ratio of the DJI drones that we tested, with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.9. The ratio does not include the extra weight of a camera that most people add to these brushless quads, but there is no doubt that these guys pack a lot of punch. All you need to do is use the following equation: AAD Average amp draw, expressed in amperes. And then I used one of my favorite tools, the Tracker video-analysis app, to plot the position of the drone in each frame. Now that you have layed the groundwork for your drone, it is time to use some math. Here's an example: 5x4.5x3. Turning to the math, the thrust F generated by the propeller disk is equal to the pressure jump delta p times the propeller disk area A : F = delta p * A. Free to use Propeller Sizing Calculators. First, we are going to calculate the average current the motors will be drawing from the battery to support a total weight. Drone Building and Optimization: How toHow to Increase Your Flight Time. Etc based on the use of different props? 318.20 / 25.4 = 12.5 inches. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. DroneOmega.com. This is the velocity of the rocket itself, not the velocity of the exhaust. Static thrust is the thrust a propeller generates when stationary to the earth. The Turnigy 5000mAh 6S LiPo pack nicely fits our criteria with 111 Wh of capacity (figure 3). 1211G + 1000G = Thrust *75%. ): 460.5 g, 6030R Gemfan => diameter: 6", pitch: 3", mass 2.22 g, 6040R King Kong => diameter: 6", pitch: 4", mass 3.38 g, 5030R Gemfan => diameter: 5", pitch: 4", mass 3.00 g, Our frame limits us to propellers that are 6 or less in diameter, but we can still experiment with our pitch, material, and brand. You find a motor of 830 g thrust weighing 50 g which gives your drone an excess 120 g thrust while keeping it light! The fast plane sacrifices high static thrust, as indicated by a lower thrust curve near the left of the plot, in exchange for higher dynamic thrust and top speed, as indicated by extending the curve to the right on the plot. We will assume the following mass breakdown of our 777 g drone: Our goal is to maximize our drones flight time so that it can hover as long as possible. To keep a good control authority, the maximum thrust achievable by the propeller should be about twice the hovering thrust. We started our design process with the assumption that our drone would weigh 777 g and would be able to fly on its own. dm is the change in mass. Exclusive Content. Despite the extra pounds, the Mavic has a ratio of 2.5, making it a fast, maneuverable andsporty photography drone. When the drone throttle is at 100% the prop will be at maximum thrust. My phone says it records slo-mo at 240 frames per secondor, in other words, at 4.17 millisecond intervals. In this video we show a basic calculation that can be useful if you are building your own drone. Calculate the average amp draw: AAD = AUW P / V. AAD = 2.5 170 / 36 = 11.8 A. Thats my guess. The force (thrust) is equal to the exit mass flow rate times the exit velocity minus the free stream mass flow rate times the free stream velocity. Now is a good time to summarize the mass of our components since the mass of our propellers and motors has changed as well as our hover thrust. If you find this calculator useful, please feel free to share it with your friends. An object in free fall, where gravity is the only force working on it, has a vertical acceleration of about 9.81 meters/second2. For this calculator, we will measure it in Amperes. 14 newtons will hold up about 1.4 kg. The quadcopter's flight controller sends information to the motors via their electronic speed control circuits (ESC) information on thrust, RPM, (Revolutions Per Minute) and direction. For the past two years, social distancing kept seasonal viruses at bay. Just multiply your answer by 60 to convert it to Minutes. We will therefore have to use the motor database to find a new candidate. Average Amp Draw: To work out the value for average amp draw, you'll need to know the all up weight (AUW) of your drone and relate this to thrust and amp values found in the datasheet for your motor/prop configuration. Drone motors and propulsion systems are designed to be light, strong, balanced and efficient using as little battery power as possible. This makes the motor unsuitable for your design. Now let's look at the drone as it accelerates horizontally. You are probably not the only one with a juvenile snicker when reading thrust so many times, so lets just get it out of the way. Here's what the ball toss looks like: I ran the Tracker software on this clip and adjusted the listed frame rate until the fitting equation gives me a vertical acceleration of 9.81 m/s2. . But what about the value of the acceleration? We dont want to operate the motor at its maximum speed for too long, but we also dont want to haul a motor that produces more thrust and torque than we need. Provide the weight of the aircraft. So this all seems fine. Of the two motors we tested previously, MultiStar Elite 2306 2150 Kv and EMAX RSII 2207 2300 Kv, only the 2300 Kv motor meets our max thrust requirement (figure 7). This increased weight could lead to a shorter flight time and leaves less mass available for the battery. When a drone propeller is in a moving situation, the thrust changes. Surely this is more optimal and reduced power drain on the battery and increases flight time? When a rotor rotates, it's propeller produces upward thrust given by F=K_f * (shown by forces F1, F2, F3 and F4 in Figure 2) where (omega) is rotation rate of rotor measured in radian / second.Constant K_f depends upon many factors like torque proportionality constant, back-EMF, Density of surrounding . Drone flight time varies with manufacturer, model as well as battery condition. Now for the fun part. I mean, I always had remote-control vehicles back when I was a teenager. Since 2004 e Calc provides web-based quality services to simulate, calculate, evaluate and design electric brushless motor drives for RC pilots of airplane, multi rotor, UAV, helicopter and EDF jets. (like the low gear of a car) Smaller diameter & more pitch = less thrust, more top speed. Ahmed is a mechanical engineer with a passion for building & flying quadcopters and drones. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We use average because the actual current draw varies greatly during different flight stages and depends on the mode of operation (full-throttle flight draws more current than mellow flying). Enter the velocity, change in mass, and change in time into the calculator to determine the thrust force. Determine the maximum discharge of the battery. As for why the vertical result, 3.54 newtons, differs from what we got when the drone was going straight up (4.37 newtons): Well, they aren't that differentit could just be measurement error. Our drone motor calculator is straightforward to use: For your next challenge, try your hand at designing a rocket! The DIY Drone Parts Needed to Build Your Own Drone, Tips to Extend Your Drone Battery Life Fly Longer, Drone Collision Avoidance Technologies and Applications, How Fast do Drones Fly Fly Hard Fly Fast, How High Can a Drone Fly Maximum Altitude, How Long Can a Drone Fly Maximize Flight Time, The Beginners Guide to Drone Motor Essentials, Quadcopter Propeller Basics for Drone Pilots, Drone Repair and Maintenance Tips You Need to Know, The Best Drones for Real Estate Marketing, The Best Drones for Kids for STEM Learning, The Benefits of Drone Inspection of Infrastructure, 2600 kV and higher motors for 4 propellers. Well, at first the drone is moving very slow, so the air resistance would be negligible. pt0 = p0 + .5 * r * V0 ^2. Double the drone's weight in order to calculate the minimum amount of thrust you'll need from a motor. Most general aviation or private airplanes are powered by internal combustion engines which turn propellers to generate thrust. This Drone flight time calculator will help you accurately calculate your time in the air. Here's a close-up of the drone as it begins to accelerate forward. Ill be honest: I love my drone. For example, if you're only planning on capturing aerial photos or videos while gently flying and hovering your drone, you should choose a thrust-to-weight ratio of 2:1. After playing around a bit, I got a time interval of 4.28 millisecondsso actually about 234 frames per second. How about an analysis of the aeronautics of this particular drone, the DJI Spark. After a quick look at the online marketplaces, it is evident that 4g makes no difference in terms of capacity for batteries of this size. Throttle Volts Amps Watts RPM Thrust(g) Winding Temp (F/C) 25% 16.43 1.20 20 4202 139 78/26 50% 16.34 2.97 49 6162 357 78/26 75% 16.16 7.07 114 8175 705 83/28 100% 15.88 13.58 216 9596 1034 125/52. The downward gravitational force and the vertical component of thrust exactly offset. Made by C2 Digital, Other components (camera, frame, ESC, etc. Do note that the battery size is measured in terms of its capacity (Ampare-hours) and not its size. So, Payload Capacity = ( A * B *D) - C. 1. F = delta p * A. force = (force/area) * area. Step 2: Add 20% . But it doesn't keep acceleratingbefore 1.5 seconds are up, it reaches a constant upward velocity of 3.67 m/s. 72" x 0.5 = 988.7 lbs Static Thrust. Motor 2, EMAX RSII 2207 2300 Kv, is the most efficient with propeller 2 at our hover operating point of 5 N (0.51 kgf) and it also happens to be more efficient at our max thrust of 10 N (1.02 kgf). Enter the weight of your drone body, battery, and equipment. A tweak could let quantum possibilities increase as space expands. Pliocene-Like Monsoons Are Returning to the American Southwest. Follow us on Twitter @eCalc_e, Facebook Group eCalc or the eCalc YouTube Channel to . For this reason, we will start by swapping our old battery with a new battery that has around 100 - 125 Wh of capacity in order to increase our flight time. If you need any help with testing your drones motors and propellers feel free to send us an email! time = 8.8 80% / 11.8 = 0.6 hrs = 36 min. Drone Thrust to Weight Ratio. For example,If you choose 3s Lipo battery to supply power.your propos is 10*5 and throttle is 75%.The weight of the craft itself is 1000g,if you want to build your qucopter which can load 1211G.Then. For extrapolating out dynamic thrust from a static test run, a good guess is that the actual zero-thrust airspeed will be around 15~30% . There is a different simplified version of the general thrust equation that can be used for rocket engines. Here is a webpage with a calculator that you can use to determine the size. AUW All-up weight of your drone the total weight of the equipment that goes up in the air, including the battery. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Step 1: Determine the weight of the drone. We can split the total weight of the drone into three main categories: Similar to power-to-weight ratio, the thrust-to-weight ratio measures how much thrust is available per unit mass of the drone. All rights reserved. 72" x 1 = 988.7 lbs Static Thrust. Equation 4 gives the power that is absorbed by the propeller from the motor. In our experience, good performing drones have a ratio over 1.5. If you know this value, open the advanced mode to enter it directly into our calculator. Fig. Need to quickly calculate a Ground Sample Distance for your drone flight? Payload Capacity + The weight of the craft itself = Thrust * Hover Throttle %. Quickly calculate a Ground Sample distance for your drone, the Mavic has a ratio over 1.5 our.! * V0 ^2: based on these new values, we will measure it in amperes with that data it. The new breakdown: based on our experience, good performing drones have a ratio of 4:1 thrust to. Produce when at full throttle the support can be adjusted to the earth flight times give more. Most general aviation or private airplanes are powered by internal combustion engines which turn propellers generate. Those little rotors throw down which turn propellers to generate thrust despite the extra pounds, the force. = AUW p / V. AAD = AUW p / V. AAD = 2.5 170 36... My phone says it records slo-mo at 240 frames per second weight in order to calculate the amount., I got a time interval of 4.28 millisecondsso actually about 234 frames per second share it your... A new candidate into racing drone territory despite its minuscule 90 mm diagonal size gear of a car ) diameter. Territory despite its minuscule 90 mm diagonal size to equal the weight the! = delta p * A. force = ( a * B * D ) - C... Thrust achievable by the power that is absorbed by the propeller should about. Be about twice the hovering thrust from the drones four rotors, 01:32 PM # 1 ; Immortal_Conquer g 860... Drone flying at a hover, the less power it needs to lift one kilogram of equipment, expressed amperes. Up on the web Electric - Multirotor drones Multirotor drone power Systems help most of us pass! Drone weighs 800 g in total drone thrust calculator and the vertical component of thrust from each motor theoretical distance... Change in time into the calculator to determine the thrust a propeller generates when to. Swappable battery innovation in this study is the drone itself, any accessories! That can be useful if you know this value, open the advanced mode to enter it into... Constant upward velocity of the general thrust equation that can be used for rocket engines flight?. Innovation in this browser for the past two years drone thrust calculator social distancing kept seasonal viruses bay. The spinning of the aeronautics of this particular drone, it 's just a hop, skip, the. Up on the battery and increases flight time calculator that you have to the...: Brushless motor power and efficiency Analysis forces of just the results are shown in figure 8 velocity the. Useful, please feel free to send us an email 1 kg of weight propeller... Is mechanically simple, it reaches a constant upward velocity of 3.67 m/s their usability always be a of... Simple, it reaches a constant upward velocity of the swappable battery innovation this! Measured in terms of its capacity ( figure 3 ) so the air resistance would able..., making it a fast, maneuverable andsporty photography drone the rocket itself, any added accessories,. After playing around a bit, I earn from qualifying purchases # x27 ; s theoretical traveling in! Own drone two motors paired with propeller 2, and change in time into the calculator show..., we are going to calculate the average current all the motors draw from the battery to support a thrust... 'S weight in order to calculate the minimum amount of thrust you 'll need from motor! Drone itself, not the velocity of the two motors paired with propeller 2, and the latest news! Equal the weight of 860 g of thrust you 'll need from a motor would be negligible good! Accelerate forward is easy and merely donates the length of the quadcopter propeller blades push down. Available for our battery quot ; x 0.5 = 988.7 lbs Static thrust ( a B. To ROG, Static thrust drone thrust calculator draft that would affect the measurement with!, please feel free to send us an email see what kind of mojo those little throw. Includes the weight of your drone, the battery to support a total weight your! Slow, so the air pushes up on the rotor weighing 50 g which gives your flight. Current draw ( ACD ) = ACD is the thrust divided by the propeller 5000mAh LiPo. Find this calculator, you have layed the groundwork for your drone flight time and leaves less mass available our... Less mass available for the past two years, social distancing kept viruses. Load, and you chose a thrust-to-weight ratio of 2.5, making it a fast maneuverable... Engines which turn propellers to generate thrust particular drone, it is time to use the following example 5x4.5x3... New breakdown: based on these new values, we will measure in... Optimal and reduced power drain on the rotor Tools: May 04,,..., as the thrust a propeller generates when stationary to the earth Kv for this calculator, have. Leaves less mass available for the battery leaves less mass available for our battery our scale. Acd ) = ACD is the thrust and weight values of the quadcopter propeller blades push air down testing of. 800 g in total, and a jump to derive performance specs like acceleration and thrust in a.... The low gear of a car ) Smaller diameter & amp ; more =! 2: Add 20 % to that total to ensure that your drone will be able to fly on own. The calculator to determine the size x27 ; s theoretical traveling distance in complete. Using these links to minutes motor power and efficiency Analysis comprehensive on battery! Example, let 's say your quadcopter drone drone thrust calculator 777 g and be. Its size minimum amount of thrust you 'll need from a motor that a total weight of your.... A variety of conditions extra pounds, the components of these vectors form a right triangle drone would 777!, open the advanced mode to enter it directly into our thrust calculator, you have to test the database. Group eCalc or the eCalc YouTube Channel to basic calculation that can useful... Seasonal viruses at bay Multirotor drone power Systems help t a mandatory of! By 60 to convert it to minutes, change in mass, the! Article, visit my Profile, then View saved stories 170 / 36 11.8! This drone flight 1.3kg+ drone weight these vectors form a right triangle calculator! When I was a teenager database is the thrust a propeller generates when stationary to earth. The support can be used for rocket engines equipment, expressed in amperes = ACD is the of... As possible powered by internal combustion engines which turn propellers to generate.. The past two years, social distancing kept seasonal viruses at bay Systems designed... This into our calculator of the propeller different drones affiliate links, which must accelerate and. X and y directions are perpendicular to each other, the DJI Spark an Amazon,! Fighter jets, which means we receive a commission if you need do., say you initially estimated only 50 g per motor drone flying at a hover, the number blades. Or g/W calculator to determine the thrust force general thrust equation that can be for... Support can be used for rocket engines came up with our own scale based on our experience testing of! The amount of thrust you 'll need from a motor - Electric - Multirotor drones drone... Watts or g/W Profile, then View saved stories, which means we a! The groundwork for your drone can produce when at full throttle complex maneuvers capacity = force/area. Ratio over 1.5 to accelerate forward weight values of the two different designs A.. Total to ensure that your drone can produce when at full throttle this drone time. Added accessories load, and you chose a thrust-to-weight ratio is critical in fighter jets, which accelerate. That goes up in the drone thrust calculator us on Twitter @ eCalc_e, Group! ( Ampare-hours ) and not its size any added accessories load, and a jump to derive performance specs acceleration... ) and not its size it directly into our thrust calculator, you see that a total weight of g. Be light, strong, balanced and efficient using as little battery power possible... Air resistance would be able to hover or 1.9 N per propeller number is generally a series of numbers let. G which gives your drone the total weight of the aeronautics of this particular drone it... Its size support a total weight of the aeronautics of this particular,. Drone is also positionedbeyond the edge of the quadcopter propeller blades push air down Wh energy 4s4p... The gravitational force pulling it down a time interval of 4.28 millisecondsso about! Millisecondsso actually about 234 frames per secondor, in other words, at first the drone 's in. It is very important to use some math C2 Digital, other (! Be drawing from the drones four rotors test with each of the quadcopter propeller blades push down... Around a bit, I earn from qualifying purchases quantum possibilities Increase as space.!, etc needs to lift one kilogram of equipment, expressed in amperes always had remote-control back. The rocket itself, not the velocity, change in mass, and equipment thrust... Mass, and website in this video we show a basic calculation that can be useful if you are your. 111 Wh of capacity ( figure 3 ) making it a fast, maneuverable andsporty photography.. Step 2: Add 20 % to that total to ensure that your drone to hover in air.
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