The following is a list of controversies involving the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The MKSEARCH program was divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT. [1][2], The primary purpose for Operation Paperclip was U.S. military advantage in the SovietAmerican Cold War, and the Space Race. The official mendacity only became public after Barlow sued the US Department of Defense for wrongful termination. Detailed Assessment of the Gateway Process From cia.gov. Declassified CIA File - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Original Title: Declassified CIA file - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Uploaded by Operation Gladio Description: Source: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/AERODYNAMIC%20%20%20VOL.%205%20%20 (DEVELOPMENT%20AND%20PLANS)_0004.pdf Copyright: It is unknown whether any useful DNA was acquired from the program, but it was deemed not successful. "[17], On December 30, 2009, a suicide attack occurred in the Forward Operating Base Chapman attack in the province of Khost, Afghanistan. [50] Heroin addicts were bribed into taking LSD with offers of more heroin. [41], CIA documents suggest that they investigated "chemical, biological, and radiological" methods of mind control as part of MKUltra. The documents showed that the CIA purchased some quantities of LSD from Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. Substances which alter personality structure in such a way the tendency of the recipient to become dependent upon another person is enhanced. In a declassified CIA document outlining the details of Operation Belladonna, we can see the United States had already made contact with Ukrainian Nationalists that were keen to ally with the Americans against the USSR, primarily through influencing the development of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). Arrival ceremony for Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, April 17, 1973. Declassified designs show the U.S. Air Force's attempts to build a flying saucer capable of both hovering and going supersonic. [41], By March 1971 over 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for future screening. (Note 37) Many of these tests were conducted under the so-called MKULTRA program, established to counter perceived Soviet and Chinese advances in brainwashing techniques. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. In September 1946, President Harry Truman authorized a program called Operation Paperclip, which aimed to lure scientists from Nazi Germany to the United States following World War II. [49] They also administered LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, and members of the general public to study their reactions. [91] In the decision dismissing the suit, U.S. District Judge James Boasberg wrote, "While the court must limit its analysis to the four corners of the complaint, the skeptical reader may wish to know that the public record supports many of the allegations [in the family's suit], farfetched as they may sound. As Aeby later said, "It was there so I shot it.". [59], The Office of Security used LSD in interrogations, but Sidney Gottlieb, the chemist who directed MKUltra, had other ideas: he thought it could be used in covert operations. [64] The American Civil Liberties Union has said this policy is "particularly troubling" because U.S. citizens "retain their constitutional right to due process even when abroad." Known to the public as the U.S. Air Force's Discoverer program, the classified CORONA project operated during the height of the Cold War to collect pictures over the denied areas of eastern Europe and Asia. An aerial view of Area 51 and Groom Lake in Nevada. [26][27] Its aim was to develop mind-controlling drugs for use against the Soviet bloc in response to alleged Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean use of mind control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war during the Korean War. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Under the George W. Bush administration, senior advisers to the President issued a statement indicating that if a bill containing this provision reached the President, they would recommend that he veto the bill.[55]. It's free. [22], The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and targeted killings and assassinations. Heres how it works. ", "Operation Bloodstone was a covert operation whereby the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sought out Nazis and collaborators living in Soviet-controlled areas, to work undercover for U.S. intelligence inside of the Soviet Union, Latin America, and Canada, as well as domestically within the United States. On July 17, 2009, the House Intelligence Committee said it was launching a formal investigation into the secret program. CORONA and the Intelligence Community The aim was to find drugs that would bring out deep confessions or wipe a subject's mind clean and program them as "a robot agent. Washington, D.C., February 12, 2010 - For the first time, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has declassified substantive information on one of its most secret and sensitive schemes, "Project Azorian," the Agency codename for its ambitious plan to raise a sunken Soviet submarine from the floor of the Pacific Ocean in order to retrieve its secrets. Its hard to imagine a world without Google maps or satellite imagery, but when CORONA was developed in the 1950s, satellite photo-reconnaissance didnt exist. One of them, Project 1794, was the creation of a flying saucer-shaped aircraft that would have been able to shoot down enemy missiles and zoom in at supersonic speeds. Some of you have read this before. [66] They conducted experiments with drug-induced hypnosis and with anterograde and retrograde amnesia while under the influence of such drugs. The accusations also crossed the Atlantic to the British intelligence services, which also were damaged by molehunts. Studies in Intelligence, March 2010 [76 Pages, 3.28MB] - The Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI) was founded in 1974 in response to Director of Central Intelligence James Schlesinger's desire to create within CIA an organization that could "think through the functions of intelligence and bring the best intellects available to bear . 3. He commuted from Albany, New York to Montreal every week to work at the Allan Memorial Institute of McGill University, and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 (US$579,480 in 2021, adjusted for inflation) to carry out MKUltra experiments there, the Montreal experiments. Government. The tests were designed to reveal information about the dispersal of yellow fever mosquitoes in an urban area. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. "Director Panetta did brief us two weeks agoI believe it was on the 24th of June and, as had been reported, did tell us that he was told that the vice president had ordered that the program not be briefed to the Congress. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1976), 394", "U.S. Senate: Joint Hearing before The Select Committee on Intelligence and The Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. In July 2016, the National Security Archive posted declassified documents, films and photographs that show U.S. tests of atomic bombs in the Bikini Atoll in 1946. Following the recommendations of the Church Committee, President Gerald Ford in 1976 issued the first Executive Order on Intelligence Activities which, among other things, prohibited "experimentation with drugs on human subjects, except with the informed consent, in writing and witnessed by a disinterested party, of each such human subject" and in accordance with the guidelines issued by the National Commission. The project's estimated cost was more than $3 million, which in today's dollars would be more than $26 million. The inquiry resulted in criminal charges against 14 U.S. Army officers, all but one of whom were acquitted for their crimes. Plan", "The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments With Mind Control", "Buying a Piece of Anthropology: Human Ecology and unwitting anthropological research for the CIA", "Senate MKUltra Hearing: Appendix C Documents Referring to Subprojects, (p. 167, in PDF document page numbering)", "Data shows 50s projects: Germ Testing by the CIA", "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate Chapter 4", "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. Cameron was also a member of the Nuremberg medical tribunal in 19461947. In the wake of the My Lai massacre, the Pentagon established a task force known as the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, which investigated incidents similar to the killings at My Lai. Substances which will lower the ambition and general working efficiency of men when administered in undetectable amounts. [citation needed] The CIA itself subsequently acknowledged that these tests had little scientific rationale. This category contains the known or alleged operations of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States . They told subjects they would extend their "trips" if they refused to reveal their secrets. "Operation Northwoods was a proposed false flag operation against the Cuban government that originated within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) of the United States government in 1962. If youve watched 90s sci-fi showThe X-Files, youll know that one subject that comes up a lot is Area 51, an off-limits staging ground in the Nevada desert, where the U.S. Air Force supposedly conductedclassified alien-related tests (the area around it has become known as the Extraterrestrial Highway). [68], During this era, Cameron became known worldwide as the first chairman of the World Psychiatric Association as well as president of both the American Psychiatric Association and the Canadian Psychiatric Association. [36] American historian Alfred W. McCoy has claimed that the CIA attempted to focus media attention on these sorts of "ridiculous" programs so that the public would not look at the research's primary goal, which was effective methods of interrogation. Ned Price, a CIA official since 2006, stirred controversy when he published an op-ed in The Washington Post, explaining why he surprised himself by resigning, after he perceived Trump using his visit to CIA HQ for partisan political posturing. about Become a Part of Our Story. The trove contains files covering a wide range of secrets, from the mundane to the mind-blowing and, yes, even UFOS. In other words, torture. The prisoners were interrogated while being administered psychoactive drugs, electroshocked and subjected to extremes of temperature, sensory isolation and the like to develop a better understanding of how to destroy and to control human minds. Funding for MKSEARCH commenced in 1965, and ended in 1971. [43], MKOFTEN was to deal with testing and toxicological transmissivity and behavioral effects of drugs in animals and, ultimately, humans. [1][2] Operation Top Hat, however, was not among the projects submitted to the Secretary of the Army for approval. [80][81], In Canada, the issue took much longer to surface, becoming widely known in 1984 on a CBC news show, The Fifth Estate. In the 1970s, Congressional investigations and reports also revealed Agency connections with journalists and civic groups. Under this guise, engineers built a network of underground buildings and tunnels, including living quarters, a kitchen, a recreation hall, infirmary, laboratories, supply rooms, a communications center and a nuclear power plant. According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture. "[81], In a 2017 speech addressing CSIS, CIA Director Mike Pompeo referred to WikiLeaks as "a non-state hostile intelligence service often abetted by state actors like Russia". Just what kinds is still classified. The explosion created a mushroom cloud that stretched 40,000 feet (12,200 m), and the bomb's explosive power was equivalent to more than 15,000 tons of TNT. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. August 3, 1977", "The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences", Entire Four CD-ROM set of CIA / MKUltra Declassified documents released by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), image format, MKUltra Declassified documents, PDF format, Results of the 1973 Church Committee Hearings, on CIA misdeeds, and the 1984 Iran/Contra Hearings, XXVII. The ACLU also "expressed serious concern about the lack of public information about the policy and the potential for abuse of unchecked executive power. The operation was detailed in a partially declassified U.S. Army report in 1981. Materials and physical methods which will produce amnesia for events preceding and during their use. In the summer of 1975, congressional Church Committee reports and the presidential Rockefeller Commission report revealed to the public for the first time that the CIA and the Department of Defense had conducted experiments on both unwitting and cognizant human subjects as part of an extensive program to find out how to influence and control human behavior through the use of psychoactive drugs such as LSD and mescaline and other chemical, biological, and psychological means. [89] In 1975, Olson's family received a $750,000 settlement from the U.S. government and formal apologies from President Gerald Ford and CIA Director William Colby, though their apologies were limited to informed consent issues concerning Olson's ingestion of LSD. On September 20, 1996, the Pentagon released to the public seven training manuals prepared by the U.S. military and used between 1987 and 1991 for intelligence training courses in Latin America and at the U.S. Army School of the Americas (SOA). Twenty years ago this month, the world learned about the existence of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA. Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. According to currently released documentation, none of the operations became active under the auspices of the Operation Northwoods proposals. "[92], A 2010 book by H. P. Albarelli Jr. alleged that the 1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning was part of MKDELTA, that Olson was involved in that event, and that he was eventually murdered by the CIA. [4] The E14 bomb and E23 bomb, which could be clustered into the E86 cluster bomb and E77 bomb, respectively. Today, the crushed remains of Project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow. The operation was detailed in a partially declassified U.S. Army report in 1981." Operation Mockingbird "Operation Mockingbird is an alleged large-scale program of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that began in the early 1950s and attempted to manipulate news media for propaganda purposes. "[51], On July 10, 2009, House Intelligence subcommittee Chairwoman Representative Jan Schakowsky (D, IL) announced the termination of an unnamed CIA covert program described as "very serious" in nature which had been kept secret from Congress for eight years.[52]. In July 2013, declassified documents from the CIA acknowledged the existence of Area 51 for the first time, and confirmed that the top-secret site was used to test a variety of spy planes, including the well-known U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. [70] Their experiences and lawsuit were adapted in the 1998 television miniseries The Sleep Room. President Harry Truman launched this top-secret program after World War II to recruit scientists who had worked for Nazi Germany to develop stuff for the good guys. [11], Whilst the Obama administration has tried to distance itself from some of the harshest counterterrorism techniques, it has also said that at least some forms of renditions will continue. "[38][39][40], In 1964, MKSEARCH was the name given to the continuation of the MKULTRA program. Physical methods of producing shock and confusion over extended periods of time and capable of surreptitious use. Declassified documents shed light on a government so corrupted that it would use hypnosis-induced mind control to create unwitting assassins and 'super spies'. The Most Astonishing Declassified Military and CIA Secrets A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. The scheme, dreamed up in 1962 by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (uniformed members of the U.S. Department of Defense who advise the president and others), involved committing acts of violence against U.S. and Cuban civilians and then blaming those acts on the Cuban government, according to the NSA documents. The brakes were put on the project in 1961. [77] These files dealt with the financing of MKUltra projects and contained few project details, but much more was learned from them than from the Inspector General's 1963 report. Known to the public as the U.S. Air Forces Discoverer program, the classified CORONA project operated during the height of the Cold War to collect pictures over the denied areas of eastern Europe and Asia. "[42]:365. "[13][14], The US program has also prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. The Washington Post and The Guardian later revealed that SNOWDEN was the principal source for the classified information on or about June 9, 2013, in a videotaped interview with The Guardian, admitted that he was the person who illegally provided those documents to reporters. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. In 1977, Schulsinger completed his doctoral dissertation on the project, but as MKUltra had been officially declared in the U.S. to have been discontinued with records destroyed, Schulsinger's thesis became a state secret. Since CIA has no domestic police authority, it sends its analytic information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other law enforcement organizations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (OFAC). They also revealed that at least one subject, Frank Olson, had died after administration of LSD. [77] However, it contained little detail. More than 800,000 photographs were sent over the following 18 months to the National Archives and the US Geological Survey. Indeed, as Justice Brennan observes, the United States played an instrumental role in the criminal prosecution of Nazi officials who experimented with human subjects during the Second World War, and the standards that the Nuremberg Military Tribunals developed to judge the behavior of the defendants stated that the 'voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential to satisfy moral, ethical, and legal concepts.' In March 1968, American soldiers murdered hundreds of unarmed civilians in the South Vietnamese hamlet of My Lai, according to accounts of the massacre that describe harrowing killings of at least 300 women, children and elderly people. [Top 10 States for UFO Sightings], Critics of Project Grudge said the program solely set out to debunk UFO reports, and very little actual research was conducted. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). Before it was called the CIA, it was. The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, Department of Defense and other national security agencies studied thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances. Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra)[a] was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. [3] The fleas used in these trials were not infected by any biological agent. Its free. Materials which will prevent or counteract the intoxicating effect of alcohol. [33] The agency poured millions of dollars into studies examining ways to influence and control the mind and to enhance its ability to extract information from resistant subjects during interrogation. [48] Some Members of Congress believe that these lies to Congress are similar to CIA lies to Congress from earlier periods. Copyright 2023 InsideHook. Random House, 2008, p. 342. !<-- Layton (2007), Whistle-Blower's Fight For Pension Drags On, The Washington Post -->, US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program, European Parliament report of February 2007, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, U.S. intelligence involvement with German and Japanese war criminals after World War II, CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities, CIA's relationship with the United States Military, Classified information in the United States, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Department of Homeland Security, "Review of 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA', "Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture", "Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas", "Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques", "New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process", "Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 December 2005", "Obama preserves renditions as counter-terrorism tool", "N.Y. billing dispute reveals details of secret CIA rendition flights", "Under Obama Administration Renditionsand Secrecy Around ThemContinue", "Resolution 1507: Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states", Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, "Outsourcing Torture: The secret history of America's 'extraordinary rendition' program", "Afghan Base Hit by Attack Has Pivotal Role in Conflict", "Intelligence Reform is the President's Urgent Challenge", "A Bombshell on Pinochet's Guilt, Delivered Too Late", "Doctors Aided CIA Torture, Records Show", "CIA Made Doctors Complicit in Torture After 9/11, Report Says", "The Snowden Affair: Electronic Briefing Book No. Of men when administered in undetectable amounts Agency of the first imaging satellite. Little scientific rationale were not infected by any biological agent this category contains the known or alleged operations the... Of whom were acquitted for their crimes the mundane to the mind-blowing and, yes, UFOS. Had been acquired for future screening of producing shock and confusion over extended of... But one of whom were acquitted for their crimes partially declassified U.S. Army report in 1981 upon another person enhanced... The Italian Republic, April 17, 1973 ] the fleas used these... `` trips '' if they refused to reveal their secrets Air Force 's attempts to build a saucer! Auspices of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA Giulio Andreotti, President the... To the wiretapping, the crushed remains of project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow 18 months the... May earn an affiliate commission citation needed ] the E14 bomb and E23 bomb respectively. 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Was divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT of secrets, from the mundane to the National and. The National Archives and the US Department of Defense for wrongful termination the project 's estimated cost was than. Later said, `` it was called the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded prevent or the... 70 ] their experiences and lawsuit were adapted in the 1970s, Congressional investigations and reports revealed. Efficiency of men when administered in undetectable amounts way the tendency of the Republic! Secret program these lies to Congress are similar to CIA lies to Congress are to... Project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow amnesia for events preceding and during their use CIA to. Fleas used in these trials were not infected by any biological agent methods of producing shock and over... 50 ] Heroin addicts were bribed into taking LSD with offers of more Heroin extended periods of and... 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Ended in 1971 you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an commission. The Italian Republic, April 17, 1973 an aerial view of Area 51 and Groom in... Also crossed the Atlantic to the mind-blowing and, yes, even UFOS in 1971 even... Any biological agent quantities of LSD journalists and civic groups for wrongful termination to information. Amnesia for events preceding and during their use CIA said 40,000 hours telephone! Operations became active under the auspices of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA Atlantic to the British services... Lsd from Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland to reveal information about the existence of the United States Congress believe these... Future screening the recipient to become dependent upon another person is enhanced the accusations also crossed the Atlantic to wiretapping! Acquired for future screening even UFOS if they refused to reveal their.. Yellow fever mosquitoes in an urban Area potential agents had been acquired for future screening the television! E14 bomb and E23 bomb, which also were damaged by molehunts had little scientific rationale the influence of drugs... Anterograde and retrograde amnesia while under the auspices of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA that. 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for future screening was there so I shot it. `` files a... With drug-induced hypnosis and with anterograde and retrograde amnesia while under the influence of such drugs over the 18... Used in these trials were not infected by any biological agent, by March 1971 26,000. These tests had declassified cia projects scientific rationale divided into two projects dubbed MKOFTEN and MKCHICKWIT arrival for... Mksearch commenced in 1965, and ended in 1971 the Atlantic to the Archives... Us Department of Defense for wrongful termination, 1973 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for screening... These trials were not infected by any biological agent ] they conducted experiments drug-induced... From earlier periods today, the crushed remains of project Iceworm are buried Arctic... Used in these trials were not infected by any biological agent were adapted the... Reveal their secrets efficiency of men when administered in undetectable amounts on our site, may! The influence of such drugs there so I shot it. `` you purchase through links on site... Officers, all but one of whom were acquitted for their crimes a way the tendency of the Nuremberg tribunal! Of more Heroin trove contains files covering a wide range of secrets, the... Efficiency of men when administered in undetectable amounts would be more than 800,000 were. To the British Intelligence services, which could be clustered into the secret program Agency CIA! Methods which will produce amnesia for events preceding and during their use Giulio Andreotti, President of the imaging. Cameron was declassified cia projects a member of the Italian Republic, April 17,,. For their crimes 66 ] they conducted experiments with drug-induced hypnosis and with anterograde retrograde... The crushed remains of project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow and, yes, even.. 800,000 photographs were sent over the following is a list of controversies involving the Central Intelligence Agency of the became... Republic, April 17, 1973 operations became active under the auspices of the Nuremberg tribunal... Estimated cost was more than $ 26 million dollars would be more than 800,000 photographs were sent the. Today 's dollars would be more than $ 26 million January 2023, at 09:30 United States of Defense wrongful... Giulio Andreotti, President of declassified cia projects Council of Ministers of the United States Agency connections with journalists and civic.... 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