Ferdinand Richter, Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy. The Medici dynasty begins in 1434 and ends in 1737, when the last Medici dies. Full of brilliant colour, rich comedy and lurid tragedy, "The Last Medici" is at the same time a scientific contribution to the records of an extraordinary and unforgettable period. [16] Anna Maria Franziska was unpredictable and prone to outbursts of rage, she held "conversations in the stables [i.e. Please try again. The Medici family believed that paying for art, then giving it away to the church and city was their "Stairway to Heaven.". This increased the power and wealth of the . She was named after her maternal aunt Anne Marie Louise d'Orlans, Duchess of Montpensier. After three seasons, Medici won't return for new episodes on Netflix. Although many contemporary writings of him label him as a weak ruler with no ambition, the Grand Duke, in reality, reinvigorated a weak government and economy, and instituted a more tolerant rule. In rehearsal with the New Philharmonia Orchestra, Klemperer was his usual exacting self, demanding precision in phrasing, dynamic contrast, and structureand Bregstein's cameras captured every moment of the process in what would turn out to be the maestro's final concert . Detail. [68], Media related to Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress of the Palatinate. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress of the Palatinate, and, by patronising musicians, she earned for the contemporary Palatine court the reputation of an important music centre. Gian Gastone de Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise dOrlans. It opened to the public as an art gallery in 1765, shortly after the last member of the Medici family died. [22] Anna Maria Franziska greeted Rinuccini warmly, and implied that Gian Gastone pawned some of her jewels to ameliorate his gambling debts. In 1743, the last member of the family that had ruled Florence for almost 300 years died a slow and painful death. Posted on 07/02/2017 by carolinemmurray. Sign up and get your dose of art history delivered straight to your inbox! They eventually ruled the surrounding region of Tuscany, too. Since Gastone sought to lessen the power of the Church in state affairs and reduce political corruption, patronizing propaganda portraits were antithetical to his political values and goals. Few, however, pay much attention to the final Grand Duke of the Medici dynasty, Gian Gastone de Medici, despite being the first and only openly gay Grand Duke of the Medici and his significant role in ending the bigoted, oppressive policies of his predecessors. Share This Paper. Gian Gastone and his siblings were left in the care of their grandmother Vittoria della Rovere. The contract created that day revoked her privileges as a petite fille de France, and declared that upon her death all her assets were to be inherited by her children. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers The Last Medici. This is our guest profile for occasional authors. It looks like you're offline. He grew up surrounded by the arts and academic scholarship, becoming a fervent antiquarian and one of the most educated members of the family. [31] Cosimo III deposited a bill in the Tuscan senate, the nominal legislature, provisioning for a male line succession failure by making the Electress Palatine Gian Gastone's heiress. INTRODUCTION . Holly Black Recommends Monstrously Good YA Reads. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. [5] The enmity between them continued until 26 December 1674; after all attempts at conciliation failed, a stressed Cosimo consented to his wife's departure for the Convent of Montmartre, France. [5], On 24 May 1671, the first anniversary of his grandfather Ferdinando II's death, Giovanni Battista Gastone de' Medici was born in Florence to Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. Discover more of the authors books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. He despised the Electress for engineering his unhappy marriage with Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, while she detested his liberal policies: he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes and revelled in upsetting her. Ferdinando de' Medici (9 August 1663 - 31 October 1713) was the eldest son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans.Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with the title Grand Prince, from his father's accession in 1670 until his death in 1713.He is remembered today primarily as a patron of music. One of the most notable of them is Prince Ottaviano de Medici. If you have an interesting story about art to tell, send it to our Editor-in-chief Kate at [emailprotected] You might be the next here! with the horses]" and would rather have remained a widow than have been married again. [57] One of his final acts was to order the erection of a statue of Galileo Galilei, who was patronised by his great-grandfather Cosimo II and his grandfather Grand Duke Ferdinando II, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, No Import Fees Deposit & $12.78 Shipping to Singapore. [13][14][15], The Electress became pregnant in 1692; however, she miscarried. 8 Citations. , Item Weight 7. Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Rinnucci was horrified to learn that the Archbishop of Prague was among his creditors. It became the residence of the ruling family, until 1737 when the last Medici died. Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici was the only surviving family member and had no offspring. [63] His remains were interred in the Medicean necropolis, the Basilica of San Lorenzo. [32] To complicate things further, Elisabeth Farnese, heiress of the Duchy of Parma, the second wife of Philip V of Spain, as a great-granddaughter of Margherita de' Medici, exercised a claim to Tuscany. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. [54] Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon, the Grand Duke's envoy, until Francis III could arrive in Florence, but declined. [60] The Electress Anna Maria Luisa inherited all of the House of Medici's allodial possessions, but in accordance with the wishes of the great powers, Francis of Lorraine succeeded to the title Grand Duke of Tuscany. Gian Gastone Medici married the German princess Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg when he was 26. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. [25] Nevertheless, their reconciliation was brief, and Gian Gastone left for Hamburg in October 1703, only to return to Prague the next February.[26]. [9] Cosimo III did not like the idea of a French marriage, and never devoted himself fully to the cause (she was later rejected). [50] He was, however, appointed joint-guardian of the Infante with Dorothea Sophia of the Rhine, Dowager Duchess of Parma and the Electress Palatine's sister-in-law. Leggi qui di pi sulla storia della Famiglia Medici. [44] Unfortunately for Cosimo, Europe completely ignored it. (Francis was forced to surrender Lorraine to Stanisaw Leszczyski, the losing claimant to the Polish throne. [16] Gian Gastone, unable to rein in his disgust, abandoned Anna Maria Franziska for Paris after one year in Reichstadt. [43], On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Cosimo III distributed a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany shall stay independent; Anna Maria Luisa shall succeed uninhibited after Gian Gastone; the Grand Duke reserves the right to choose his successor. Answer (1 of 3): The authentic Medici bloodline is long dead: they went extinct in the 1700s, the last man being Giangastone de Medici. [16][17][18][19] Anna Maria Luisa and Johann Wilhelm, notwithstanding, shared a harmonious marriage. The Duchess died of pulmonary tuberculosis, but almost immediately after her death there were rumors that she . His behaviour at these sent guests running for their carriages: he vomited into his napkin, wiped his mouth with his peri-wig and told rude jokes. He requisitioned the help of Pope Clement XI, who sent the Archbishop of Prague to tell her she must go to Florence with Gian Gastone. By the time of the Spanish withdrawal, the Grand Duke was dying from "an accumulation of diseases". [36] In 1718, Charles VI repudiated Cosimo's decision, declaring a union of Tuscany and Modena (the Este lands) unacceptable. As a result, four years after his birth, Marguerite Louise returned home to France. The latter was reluctant to cede his homeland to France, but the Holy Roman Emperor (soon to be his father-in-law) compelled him. The Medici Dynasty. The only condition was that none of it could be sold. [40], On 4 April 1718 England, France and the Dutch Republic (and later Austria) selected Don Carlos of Spain, the elder child of Elisabeth Farnese and Philip V of Spain, as the Tuscan heir (with no mention of Anna Maria Luisa). Click to learn more! Instead of willing her valuables to her children, as prescribed by the 1674 agreement, they went to the Princess of Epinoy, a distant relative. Medici: Created by Nicholas Meyer, Frank Spotnitz. [7], Gian Gastone was tutored by Cardinal Henry Noris, whose company the prince hardly left. Netflix. The Last Medici centres mainly round the fantastic figures of Princess Marguerite-Louise d'Orleans and her husband Cosimo III, most fatal of all the Medicean sovereigns. "[57] The one group who may have taken exception to such adulation is the Freemasons whom, in his final year, under harsh penalty he forbade to meet.[64][65]. He ruled Florence with his younger brother, Giuliano (1453-78), from 1469 to 1478 and, after the latter's assassination, was . You can learn more about him here. View All. [12] The Elector Palatine obtained the style Royal Highness from the Holy Roman Emperor for Cosimo III in February 1691. On September 26, 1971, filmmaker Philo Bregstein had the rare opportunity to capture the great Otto Klemperer on film. Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations. The Princess was incensed, replying that there was no point going with him because he was "absolutely impotent. VIDEO TOUR. Cameron Ormiston is an art historian enthusiast who recently graduated from UC San Diego. [35] The Electress, now the First Lady of Tuscany, and Gian Gastone were not on good terms: he scorned her for marrying him to Anna Maria Franziska, who, for eleven years, made his life unbearable. His sister, Anna Maria Luisa, was the last of the Medici family, herself childless, and the great dynasty of the family came to an end. [27] Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Tuscany's nominal feudal over-lord, subscribed, but only if he should succeed her. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. (Cosimo had hitherto been outranked by the Duke of Savoy much to his angerwho derived royal status from his successful pretendership to the abolished Cypriot throne). [4], Her parents' relationship was quarrelsome; Marguerite Louise took every chance to humiliate Cosimo. In the chamber are many family members. Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. He is currently applying to medical school to become a physician investigator. Many former Medici rulers loved to commission artworks that associated the Medici family with religion or political control. [15] Johann Wilhelm, under criticism for his treatment of the Palatine Protestants from the Elector of Brandenburg introduced a Religionsdeklaration in 1705, which sanctioned religious freedom. His sister, Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa, arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. Gian Gastone had a lead coffin in a wooden frame. [30], Following the death of his heir apparent, Ferdinando, in 1713, Cosimo deposited a bill in the Senate, Tuscany's titular legislature, promulgating that if Cosimo and his new heir apparent, Gian Gastone, were to predecease the Electress, she would ascend the throne. 44: 27 other sections not shown. By doing so, he ended the authoritarian stronghold his father held over the nation and created a Florence that was more inclusive and more in line with the Renaissance ideals of intellectual curiosity and scholarship. [9] Peter II of Portugal, however, had other things in mind for him: he wanted Gian Gastone to marry his only daughter, Isabel Lusa, Princess of Beira. Roman Catholicism. [53] He even went so far as to have the Duke created Grand Prince of Tuscany, the title borne by the Tuscan heir-apparent, against the wishes of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI; however, the latter soon had the grant revoked. [5] A sprained ankle incurred in July 1729 left the Grand Duke bed-ridden forbarring two occasionsthe rest of his life. For example, Vasaris Apotheosis of Cosimo I depicts Cosimo Is crowning in Heaven, the artist portrays the Medici ruler as ruling both Florence and Heaven, watching over the world as God does. [46] Gian Gastone, knowing the Dowager Electress probably would never succeed, went about ensuring his sister's inheritance of all the House of Medici's private property. This included abolishing public executions (which were used as punishment for acts ranging from gay sex to courtship), political and literary censorship, bans on teaching new ideas in schools, extortionate taxes, and Pension on the Creed, which were payments made to Muslims and Jews who converted to Christianity. What is perhaps most telling of the Grand Dukes priorities is the lack of propaganda art that was popular among his predecessors. Niccol Cassana, Gian Gastone de Medici in a youthful portrait, 1690, private collection, Florence, Italy. [51], In 1736, during the War of the Polish Succession, Don Carlos was banished from Tuscany as part of a territorial swap, and Francis III of Lorraine was made heir in his stead. Thats compared to the 41% of American men. Now based in Washington DC, Cameron researches health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities and LGBT individuals. Medici. Today it hosts several museums that show the Medici's collections, including their costumes and a vast Palatine Gallery with . Considered to be one of the most influential patrons of artists, poets, and scholars during the Italian Renaissance, he ushered in the Golden Age of Florence and funded many public projects in the city. Rich Sinners or Saintly Rulers? Niedermair's decade-long relationship with Dior was the subject of a coffee-table book published by Rizzoli New York last year. This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 16:11. Her death, in 1743, brought the grand ducal House of Medici to an end. A contemporary dubbed the head of the Ruspanti, Giuliano Dami, "the despot of Gian Gastone's court"; he exploited his influence with the Grand Duke by offering anybody who was willing to bribe him an audience with their monarch. "Photographie: Christian Dior by Brigitte Niedermair" featured . 95204 Homes for Sale $384,843. The last Medici, Anna Maria de Louisa de' Medici, died in 1743. When her remains were exhumed for relocation, there was no sign of syphilis, Chelleri, Fortunato; Vavoulis, Vavoulis, p ix, Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Biografia", "Villa La Quiete Pharmacy of the former Montalve Conservatory", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "The last Medici may not have died of syphilis after all", "The three branches of the Medici family", https://www.academia.edu/38170694/La_Chiesa_dei_principi._Le_relazioni_tra_Reichskirche_dinastie_sovrane_tedesche_e_stati_italiani_1688-1763_prefazione_di_Elisabeth_Garms-Cornides_Trento_Provincia_autonoma_di_Trento_2018, Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria, Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria, Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri, Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio, Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein, Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici&oldid=1134024115, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [61] As a result, he was sincerely mourned by his people. NEW CONSTRUCTION. 95240 Homes for Sale. [13] The bride-to-be was hailed as "more like a Bohemian peasant than a princess" by a contemporary. 95207 Homes for Sale $416,145. 2016 | Maturity Rating: TV-MA | 3 Seasons | TV Dramas. As a result, Cosimo IIIs second son grew up with disdain for his fathers rulership and lacked interest in politics. The last Medici heir, Gian Gastone, died childless in 1737. Some of them still have their garments. [67], In 2012 after concern caused by the 1966 Flood of the Arno River, her bones were exhumed. Gian Gastone found life in the little village intolerable. 221: over the . The recently-aired third season ("Part 2") is to be the final season of the . [42] In the midst of this, Marguerite Louise, Anna Maria Luisa's mother, died. The very last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de' Medici, passed away without a son in 1737. The Last Medici. The couple despised each other and had no children. [29] Ferdinando, nonetheless, was not alone in his suffering: Guyot de Merville, a French adventurer, took note of Gian Gastone's mental decline: "He carries [apathy] so far that it is said he never opens a letter, to avoid having to answer. Despite these hindrances, Gian Gastone, aged 52, commenced his reign with a burst of ebullience, releasing prisoners, abolishing exorbitant taxes, "Pensions on the Creed" (monies paid to converts to Christianity) and public executions. Medici season 3 airs on Netflix on May 1. Violante Beatrice tried to withdraw the Grand Duke from their sphere of influence by organising banquets. 4. In actuality, he was widely regarded as one of the most popular Medici rulers by the general public despite only ruling for 14 years. : 95219 Homes for Sale $553,165. 95210 Homes for Sale $402,060. [23] Forced once again to quell his enmity towards his wife, Gian Gastone returned to Reichstadt as per the Holy Roman Emperor and Holy Roman Empress's advice. Subscribe to DailyArt Magazine newsletter, Celebrating the Male Body in Renaissance Florence. : [57] Anna Maria Luisa, the Dowager Electress Palatine, rushed to his bedside when it became apparent he would not recover. Experience the Medici in Florence with HISTORY Travel. To marry her, Gian Gastone would have to convince his father to allot him an allowance of "adequate stature". Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. But think again, dear friends. [28], Some years later, as the question of the succession became more urgent, Cardinal Francesco Maria de' Medici, Cosimo III's brother, was released from his vows and coerced into marrying the incumbent Duke of Guastalla's elder daughter, Eleanor, in 1709. Wikimedia Commons (public domain). [41] By 1722, the Electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to a spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. [56] Gian Gastone was angry; he had become quite attached to the Infante-Duke, and didn't like the prospect of a foreigner ruling Tuscany. [45] Consequently, the Electress was compelled to abandon her apartment in the left wing of the royal palace, the Pitti, for the Villa La Quiete. But his plan was met with fierce opposition from the European powers. In his remarkable account of the last Medici, famous aesthete and historian Harold Acton (1904-1994) takes up the causes which led to the disappearance of a house which has left indelible traces on the art, literature and commerce of the world; and his book was one of the first attempts to deal with this despotic dynasty in a scholarly and impartial spirit. The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, the seventh family member to serve . Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! His sister (Anna Maria Luisa if nemory serves) survived him for a few years, but couldnt't give birth to any heir. If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you grow your business. This lack of paternal support likely caused Gastone to descend into a state of depression and melancholy that he would struggle with for the rest of his life. It was written in 1739 by Charles de Brosses, a French writer and politician, that the Tuscans would give two-thirds of their property to have the Medici back, and the other third to get rid of the Lorrainers.
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